Focus on fossil mammals: life story of Oldřich Fejfar [Výzkum fosilních savců: životní příběh Oldřicha Fejfara]

Jiří Mlíkovský, Ivan Horáček

The Pleistocene black bear (Ursus thibetanus) from the Urals (Russia) [Pleistocénní medvěd ušatý (Ursus thibetanus) z Uralu (Rusko)]

Gennadiy Baryshnikov

The Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) is recorded for the first time in the Pleistocene of Ural Mountains (Russia). It is found together with Hystrix vinogradovi in an Interglacial/Interstadial mammal assemblage. The fossil bear differs from the other specimens in having a very small skull and…

Notes on the distribution of hedgehogs (Insectivora: Erinaceidae) in Syria [Poznámky k rozšíření ježků (Insectivora: Erinaceidae) v Syrii]

Ján Obuch, Petr Benda

The paper reports new records and lists the hitherto published records of three hedgehog species in Syria, viz. Erinaceus concolor Martin, 1838 [11 record localities], Hemiechinus auritus (Gmelin, 1770) [62], and Paraechinus aethiopicus (Ehrenberg, 1833) [4]. E. concolor is distributed in coastal…

Paleogene and Neogene lagomorphs from the Valley of Lakes, Central Mongolia [Paleogénní a neogénní zajícovci Údolí jezer, střední Mongolsko]

Margarita A. Erbajeva, Gudrun Daxner-Hoeck

The preliminary study of lagomorphs from the Valley of Lakes in Central Mongolia includes 26 taxa of four families (order Lagomorpha). The present studies enlarge the knowledge of small mammals from Mongolia, and support the biozonation (biozones A–E) of the Early Oligocene to Late Miocene…

Hipparions (Mammalia: Equidae) from the Mio- and Pliocene of Kazakhstan, Central Asia. A review [Přehled hiparionů (Mammalia: Equidae) z miocénu a pliocénu Kazachstánu, střední Asie]

Piruza Tleuberdina, Ann Forsten

The Old World hipparions, i. e. the fossil equid genera Hipparion de Christol and Proboscidipparion Sefve, occurred in Kazakhstan from the early Late Miocene into the Middle Pliocene, or for approximately 9 Ma. In the material obtained from 13 localities in Kazakhstan here described, some 4–5…

Erster Nachweis von Lagurus lagurus (Pallas, 1773) (Mammalia, Rodentia, Arvicolidae) für das Jungpleistozän Norddeutschlands [První nález pestrušky písečné, Lagurus lagurus (Pallas, 1773) (Mammalia, Rodentia, Arvicolidae), z pozdního Pleistocénu severního Německa.]

Wolf-Dieter Heinrich

First record of Lagurus lagurus (Pallas, 1773) (Mammalia, Rodentia, Arvicolidae) from the Late Pleistocene of North Germany. Molars from a fragmentary mandible which was recently recovered from fluviatil-limnic deposits exposed in a sand pit at Zachow near Ketzin (Brandenburg), North Germany, are…

Anthracohyus (Artiodactyla, Mammalia), an Eurasian Achaenodontid [Anthracohyus, evroasijský příslušník čeledi Achaenodontidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia)]

Kurt Heissig

A character analysis of bunoselenodont, neobunodont and intermediate artiodactyle upper molar patterns is undertaken. The consensus tree obtained from 3 most parsimonious trees shows, that the two species of Anthracohyus and “Siamotherium” pondaungense Ducrocq et al., 2001 can not be included into…

New Middle Miocene rodent faunas from northern Hungary [Nová středomiocénní fauna hlodavců ze severního Maďarska]

János Hír

The paper summarizes the first results of a field campaign for collecting microvertebrate fossils from the “terrestric Sarmatian” of Northern Hungary. A majority of the identified taxa is known from the Middle Miocene of Bavaria, Switzerland and Bohemia. The fauna under study refer to the MN6 and…

On the early history of vespertilionid bats in Europe: the Lower Miocene record from the Bohemian Massif [O rané historii netopýrů čeledi Vespertilonidae v Evropě: spodně miocénní nálezy Českého masivu]

Ivan Horáček

The paper reports the bat material from three MN3–5 sites in NW Bohemia. In contrast to other samples of that age, it is composed mostly of vespertilionid bats (eight different forms can be here well distinguished). In agreement with other Oligocene and Early Miocene samples of vespertilionid bats,…

Fossil lemmings (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in the Baikal region [Fosilní lumíci (Rodentia: Cricetidae) oblasti jezera Bajkal]

Fedora I. Khenzykhenova

The following middle and upper Pleistocene lemmings were excavated in the Baikal region: Dicrostonyx cf. simplicior, D. cf. henseli, D. cf. guilielmi, Lemmus sibiricus, L. amurensis and Myopus schisticolor. Recent fauna includes two species living east of Lake Baikal: L. amurensis and M.…

Besonderheiten der Schmelzoberfläche bei Säugetierzähnen [Zvláštnosti povrchu skloviny savčích zubů]

Wighart von Koenigswald

The ornamentation or rugosities of the enamel surface is in general neither related to the form of the enamel-dentin-junction nor to the microstructure of the enamel. Mostly these rugosities such as perikymata are formed by the outermost enamel layer. However it is here demonstrated for the first…

A fossil wolverine Gulo schlosseri (Carnivora, Mustelidae) from Nieuwegein, The Netherlands [Fosilní rosomák Gulo schlosseri (Carnivora, Mustelidae) z Nieuwegeinu, Nizozemí]

Thijs van Kolfschoten

A fragment of a mandible, assigned to a wolverine, has been collected from sediments dredged up near Nieuwegein, The Netherlands. The specimen is assigned to the Early or early Middle Pleistocene Gulo schlosseri because of its small size and the morphological characters of the p3 and p4. Fossil…

Trend und Phylum im Säugetiersystem [Vývojové trendy a taxony v systému savců]

Miklós Kretzoi

This paper intends to demonstrate cases where the trend in the evolution of mammal dentition overshadows the original phyletic succession by producing parallel or even convergent structures, disturbing the morphological bases of phyletic taxonomy. For example: (1) Myospalacid evolution produced…

Asynchrony in mammalian biochronology [Asynchronie v savčí biochronologii]

Everett Lindsay

Events in earth history may be physical (e.g., earth quakes, magnetic reversals, climate change, etc.) or biological (e.g., extinction of a species, origin of a new species, dispersal of a species to a new territory, etc.). In general, physical events in earth history are usually locally synchronous…

Paleobiogeographical history of Prolagus, an European ochotonid (Lagomorpha) [Paleobiogeografická historie rodu Prolagus, evropské pišťuchy (Lagomorpha: Ochotonidae)]

Nieves López-Martínez

Prolagus is one of the world’s longest mammalian lineage, dwelling for more than 20 million years, 24 Ma if its direct ancestor Piezodus is taken into account, in Europe, Anatolia and northern Africa. Prolagus fossils form locally very rich assemblages, indicating that it was a common prey…

Zoogeography of Holocene mammals in northern Eurasia [Zoogeografie holocénních savců severní Evroasie]

Anastasia K. Markova, Nikolai G. Smirnov, Pavel A. Kozincev, Fedora I. Khenzykhenova, Alexandra N. Simakova, Aadya V. Alekseeva, Lev M. Kitaev, Alexander V. Kožarinov

Information on about 1600 Holocene mammal localities of the former Soviet Union was generalized in the form of electronic database HOLFAUNA. The computer maps of mammal ranges for the main Holocene intervals were constructed. The main features of the species composition and distribution in mammal…

The transition from hypsodonty to hypselodonty in the Mimomys savini – Arvicola lineage [Přechod od hypsodoncie k hypselodoncii u hraboší linie Mimomys savini – Arvicola]

Lutz Christian Maul

The transition from hypsodont (high-crowned rooted) to hypselodont (rootless) molars can be observed in several lineages of arvicolids. The last vole lineage in which this transition took place is that of Mimomys savini – Arvicola. A new model is presented here, focusing on the relative significance…

The Early Biharian rodent fauna from Tourkoubounia 2 (Athens, Greece) [Fauna hlodavců časného Biharia z lokality Turkubunie 2 (Athény, Řecko)]

Albert J. van der Meulen, Constantin S. Doukas

One lagomorph and ten rodent species are described from the Early Biharian (Early Pleistocene) karst fissure filling Tourkoubounia 2, Athens. One new species is described: Microtus (Tibericola) eleniae sp. nov. The age and the composition of the fauna from Tourkoubounia 2 are discussed.

Late Cenozoic biostratigraphy of Europe: mammal zones and the fossil record of birds [Pozdně kenozoická biostratigrafie Evropy: savčí zóny a fosilní nálezy ptáků]

Jiří Mlíkovský

The mammal-based biostratigraphy of the late Cenozoic of Europe was compared with the fossil record of birds. Three basic questions were addressed: suitability of the avian record for biostratigraphy, paleornithological contribution to the recognition of main biostratigraphical periods, and the…

The age of the Ruscinian lower boundary [Stáří spodní hranice Ruscinia]

Michail Pevzner, Eleonora Vangengejm, Aleksej Tesakov

Ruscinian locality Novaja Stanica (West Siberia) with the fauna of primitive Promimomys and Baranomys is placed at the boundary of Chron 5 and Gilbert Chron. Late Turolian Kalmakpai locality (Kazakhstan) is placed at the lower part of Chron 5. The position of these sites in the magnetochronological…

Postglacial bat remains from the Polish Tatra Caves [Postglaciální pozůstatky netopýrů z jeskyní polských Tater]

Krzysztof Piksa, Bronislaw W. Woloszyn

The authors analysed bat osseous remains collected from 21 caves in the Polish Tatra Mts. Moreover, the classification of the osteological material deposited in the collection of the Institute of Systematics and Evolution of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow was revised. The authors…

Plio-Pleistocene Insectivore Diversity in Central Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean, a Comparison (Mammalia, Lipotyphla) [Srovnání diversity plio-pleistocénních hmyzožravců střední Evropy a východního Středomoří (Mammalia, Lipotyphla)]

Jelle W. F. Reumer

The twenty MN13–MN17 Mediterranean localities studied show a relatively very low to low diversity (one to eight species of lipotyphlan insectivores), when compared to the 27 localities from Central Europe (often well over 10 species of shrews only). This is explained as a result of seasonal aridity,…

Pomelomeryx gracilis (Pomel, 1853) (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Moschidae) from the Lower Miocene karstic fissure filling complex Rothenstein 10/14 (Germany, Bavaria) [Pomelomeryx gracilis (Pomel, 1853) (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Moschidae) ze spodněmiocénního krasového komplexu Rothenstein 10/14 (Německo, Bavorsko).]

Gertrud E. Rössner, Michael Rummel

New rich material of the cervoid Pomelomeryx gracilis (Artiodactyla, Cervoidea) from the Lower Miocene of Europe (Agenian, MN2) is described in the context of the sedimentology, faunal composition and biochronology of the fossil site Rothenstein 10/14 (karstic fissure filling system, Germany,…

Fossil record of “edentates” outside South America [Nálezy fosilních “chudozubých” mimo Jižní Ameriku]

Gerhard Storch

The topics of interrelationships among Xenarthra, Pholidota, Palaeanodonta, Ernanodonta, Eomanis and Eurotamandua is discussed in respect to the Old World fossil record. Ernanodonta is enigmatic and strikingly resembles sloths in some details. Pholidota and Palaeanodonta appear to be closely related…

Position of reference mammal localities of the Lower Villafranchian in the magnetochronological scale [Posice referenčních savčích lokalit spodního Villafranchianu v magnetochorologickém měřítku]

Aleksej Tesakov, Eleonora Vangengejm, Michail Pevzner

The sequence of the mammalian localities of the Lower Villafranchian (LV) is defined by paleomagnetic data together with hypsodonty levels among three phyletic lineages of rhizodont voles: Mimomys, Borsodia, and Pitymimomys. The oldest LV localities (zone MN16a, zone of Mimomys hajnackensis) are…

Myocricetodontinae and Megacricetodontini (Rodentia) from the lower Miocene of NW Anatolia [Fauna podčeledi Myocricetodotinae a tribu Megacricetodontini (Rodentia) ze spodního miocénu severozápadní Anatolie (Turecko)]

Wilma Wessels, Konstantinos D. Theocharopoulos, Hans de Bruijn, Engin Ünay

The small mammal assemblage from Keseköy (MN 3) is dominated by Muroidea. Among these there is a new primitive myocricetodontine, Vallaris zappai gen. nov., sp. nov., and Megacricetodon sp. Vallaris gen. nov. is considered to be at least potentially ancestral to later myocricetodontine genera. The…

Die Pathologien des Höhlenbärenschädels aus dem Heimatmuseum in Golling an der Salzach (Salzburg, Österreich) [Patologie lebky jeskynního medvěda z Vlastivědného musea v Gollingu nad Salzachem (Solnohradsko, Rakousko)]

Gerhard Withalm

A pathologically altered skull of a cave bear is described. The skull is the property of the “Heimatmuseum” in Golling an der Salzach (Salzburg, Austria) and was found in the “Torrener Bärenhöhle”, cat-no.: 1335/1. It was affected by a trauma during the first years and healed so that it is not…